Characters of a Seperate Peace Essay Example

Characters of a Seperate Peace Paper Finny are the two main characters of the book A Separate Peace by John Knowles. They are two very deferent people but manage to still be friends despite. During the course of the book, it becomes evident Genes envy for Finny. However given the nature of Gene and Fannys personalities It Is almost Impossible for Gene to not envy Finny. Gene Is an excellent academic student, but feels that he needs something more. When looking at his Myers-Briggs personality type he seems to fit into that category off JIFFS. These types of people are said to care for people and work endlessly on heir behalf. They have the need to please others and feel needed. This applies to Gene with his very co-dependent relationship with Finny. He wants to desperately to be what Finny is. And a soaring sense of freedom revealed that this must have been my purpose from the first: to become a part of Phonies. (77) I believe that Gene desperately wants to fit in and be liked and will please anyone to do so, but not without resentment being held. His desire to fit in and be something other then himself Is shown In how quickly he is willing to Join the army. Finny Is an excellent athlete, charming, and funny. We will write a custom essay sample on Characters of a Seperate Peace specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Characters of a Seperate Peace specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Characters of a Seperate Peace specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He can get away with Just about anything, the rules Just dont seem to apply to him. When looking at the Myers-Briggs test I would classify him as an FEND. These types of people are said to be warm and enthusiastic people, and good at almost anything they put their mind to. Finny has a certain hold over people, especially Gene. Gene begins to realize this when he thinks What was I doing up here anyway? Why did I let Finny talk me into stupid things like this? Was he getting some kind of hold over me? (9) Finny doesnt mean to be manipulative or have a hold over people he is genuine in his desire to make things more fun for others. When looking at Gene and Finny as individuals you see two very different people. You see Gene as someone who feels the desire to please people but is not satisfied with himself, and Finny as someone who Is a fantastic athlete and possesses an undeniable charm. Because of Gene and Flybys close relationship, Finny Is the person Gene decides to want to be Instead of himself. This desire ultimately translates into envy. When Gene starts to become aware of this new he justifies it by eying its a mutual rivalry. Yes, I sensed it like the sweat of relief when nausea passes away; I felt better. We were even after all, even in enmity. The deadly rivalry was on both sides after all. (54) Gene believes that because he is Jealous of Fannys athletic capabilities, that Finny must in return be Jealous of Genes academic achievements. When Finny falls off the tree due to Gene shaking it, at first Gene feels a sense of liberation as opposed to guilt, because in a way he has defeated Finny. Once Finny can no longer be a great athlete the feeling of envy is temporarily lifted. Gene and Finny start to work together as a unit, helping the other where they are weak. When Finny dies, Gene is satisfied because he will finally live on to be Finny. In a Separate Peace the human nature of envy Is looked at. Gene feels an abnormally large resentment and envy towards Finny, whereas Finny seems to initially feel no envy at all towards Gene. When Finny dies Gene is finally able to be Tree, wanly poses ten quest In my mina want IT Gene Ana never met Hon.: w he have continued to live on feeling the need to be someone other then himself, or would he have reached self acceptance through a more healthy means?

How to Become a Speech Writer

How to Become a Speech Writer How to Become a Speech Writer A speech writer is responsible for writing speeches for public either on the freelance basis or within a company holding the appropriate working position. Despite the popular opinion, not only politics use these type of services. Thus, speech writer can help at the public event, business meeting, debates, wedding, birthday, or even bar mitzvah. Speech writing requires excellent language skills, erudition, and understanding psychology. However, once you decided to obtain this profession, there are few specific tips on how to become a speech writer. Speech writing can become a challenging endeavor for both a beginner and an experienced writer. Writing a speech is a peculiar skill that differs a lot from fiction or journalism. Thus, the first task of the speech is to directly address to the target audience summoning to action or sympathy. If the audience is not touched with the words from the stage, it means that the speech is ineffective, therefore, the goal is not achieved. That is why, if you want to become a successful speech writer, you have to develop your skills in psychology, linguistic, politics, culture, and many other fields depending on the topic of your speech. Usually, writers consider typical speech-writers as people who write only for politicians. This is a false conclusion owing to the fact that speeches are required in various situations. For instance, business executives, athletes, philanthropists, PR agents also need strong speeches in order to be within the public focus as well as in the middle of attention of the employers. There are some practical recommendations on how to become a speech writer: Gain insight into the related field. A professional speech writer is a credible writer and it has to be proven. University degree in English, communications, journalism, and political science are all related to having the best writing skills which are literacy, quick typing, and ability to make writing structured and understandable. Start volunteering. In this way, an incentive writer can offer to write speeches for community groups on the free basis. Thus, it is possible to tailor writing skills and find out typical mistakes which can be revealed by other people who ordered certain speech. Get acquainted with the right people. Consequently, frequent writing will turn attention of the people who can provide career help in future and get new orders. Seek for speech writers who can provide mentorship and transcend some experience on your writing. All in all, speech writing relies on experience, and the best adviser is the practicing writer who knows all the current tendencies in public perception. Read reliable manuals, tutorials, or even researches on the topic of speech writing. There is a lot of literature about effective writing from experts in the field. Find inspiration in advertising where you have only a few words to deliver a message to the audience. Learn more about psychological linguistics, this realm contains valuable ideas to improve your writing. Try to analyze. Analyze the famous speeches on your own, providing the explanation of the success of the speech. After that, compare own analysis to the one, made by a professional. Look into history, because there are many fateful speeches that influenced our society. Nevertheless, track modern time and listen to the speeches of present world leaders on current events, be attentive to every detail. A successful speech can change the world history. However, a sincere wedding speech can change a small family history, which is a great success as well. Being a professional speech writer requires a constant education in a variety of fields, but what really matters is the talent to influence people’s minds only with words.

Evaluating Design Choice and Threats to Validity in a Essay

Evaluating Design Choice and Threats to Validity in a Quasi-Experimental Design - Essay Example The present author selected the choice of quasi experimental design with the rationale of avoiding the need to have two different sample sizes to work with because that would have been time consuming and defeated the overall time frame set for the researcher for the given academic research. With the quasi experimental design however, all that the researcher needed to do was to use a comparison group, without the need to employing the use of an experimental group: a situation that would have brought about the need for a posttest at the end of the given study (Cheng, 2009). The choice of quasi experimental design brought about two major types of validity, which were external validity and internal validity. With reference to external validity, it could be said that because quasi experimental designs deal with real-world scenarios, it is often easier to guarantee external validity because the results of the researcher are often evidently clear for public scrutiny. The absence of random sampling however inhibits the general internal validity of the quasi experimental design (Sanigorski et al., 2008). The author was therefore not in a better position to critically explain the validity that existed because the use of comparison groups defeated the idea of internal validity of the research. Sanigorski, A. M., Bell, A. C., Kremer, P. J., Cuttler, R., & Swinburn, B. A. (2008). Reducing unhealthy weight gain in children through community capacity-building: Results of a quasiexperimental intervention program, Be Active Eat Well. International Journal of Obesity, 32,

Time value of money for Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Time value of money for Starbucks - Essay Example There is some uncertainty as it relates to the repayment date. The interest rate could be higher and lower than it is currently. I would also take into consideration the risk involved in buying the bond as well as the opportunity cost involved. Starbucks is currently in financial difficulty and so there is a possibility that I may not receive the payment in a year’s time but at a later date. I would therefore require an interest rate which is higher than normal because of the additional risk involved with buying bonds in Starbucks instead of another bond or in an alternative investment. To account for the additional risk I would actually add a risk premium which would account for the uncertainty involved in investing in Starbucks. Discount Rate for Starbuck Bonds According to Brigham and Ehrhardt (2005) finding present values is known as discounting. The discount rate that would be used to calculate the amount to be paid would be dependent on the going interest rate on similar bonds. For example, if the current going interest rate is 8% and I expect it to increase to 9% in a year time then I would require a return of 9% on my investment. In this case I would need an additional 3% in order to cover the additional risk involved. Therefore the interest rate expected would increase to 12% (9% + 3%).

Law Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Law - Literature review Example These researchers intend to suggest serious steps for helping families going through divorces by executing results of their studies to legislators, authorities and the international figures.1 In a research conducted by Kaslow2013the author showed that the rising number of divorce around the world are caused by a variety of economic, cultural and social factors that are negatively affecting the marriage institution. Various cultures all over the world has started to embrace divorce among the population and providing for the rights of the women and children in the divorce. Most of the legal and economic blunt all around the world is seen to be borne by the men in payment of court fees, alimony and maintenance.2 In another research on the international family laws byBaarsma 2011 and in Stark 20133, it has been established that various countries have enacted legislations and legal procedures to help the courts in the dispensation of divorce matters. Some countries have also taken legal and social steps to help reduce the high rate of divorces in their countries. It has been suggested that governments should give consideration to the implementation of international laws on matters of personal status law together with local regulations and monitoring these laws effectively. The governments have been urged to provide information and counselling programmes on divorce and the equal rights and responsibilities of marriage. According to the Hague Convention relating to the settlement of the conflicts of law and jurisdiction as regards to divorce and separation, a divorce can only be allowed if the national laws of a country where the divorce petition is lodged allow for divorce, this has been modified by various states legislation to allow that a divorce can only be issued in the state where the marriage was celebrated. In Hodson, Blackburn &Hodson,

Candida Magnoliae Glycerol Yield

Candida Magnoliae Glycerol Yield Abstract Candida magnoliae, isolated from honey comb and Candida glycerinogenes, isolated from natural environment were compared for their potential to produce glycerol from glucose. The highest yield of glycerol was 55% for C. magnoliae and 64.5% for C. glycerinogenes. C. glycerinogenes yields 9% of higher concentration of glycerol than C. magnoliae. For C. magnoliae the optimum conditions were a temperature of 30 °C and a pH of 5. The optimum conditions for C. glycerinogenes were a temperature of 32 °C  and a pH of about 5. The required medium composition for glycerol production was 160 g/L of glucose, 3 g/L of yeast extract, 5 g/L of peptone for C. magnoliae and 230 g/L of glucose, 5 ml/L of corn step liquor, 5-6 g/L of phosphate for C. glycerinogenes. Introduction Glycerol, a simple alcohol which contains three hydroxyl group. Glycerol is also known as glycerine or 1,2,3-Propanetriol. Glycerol has many uses in pharmaceutical, food, paint, cosmetic industries. Glycerol can be used additional fuel in boilers due to its high calorific value. The physiochemical properties and chemical composition of glycerol varies from other fuels. Glycerol is a odourless, colourless, viscous liquid with sweet taste. Glycerol contains three hydrophilic hydroxyl groups which is responsible for its solubility in water. Glycerol has a melting point of 17.9 oC and boiling point of 290 oC. Molecular formula of glycerol is CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH. Glycerol can be transformed to various value added chemicals such as dihydroxyacetone, succinic acid, citric acid, ethanol, hydrogen etc., Until now the fermentative metabolism of glycerol was being reported in species of bacteria like Citrobacter sp, Enterobacter sp, Lactobacillus sp, Propionibacterium sp, Clostridium and many fungi species. Glycerol has become an abundant carbon source and inexpensive. Glycerol is also produced by yeast fermentation process. Glycerol is obtained as a byproduct during the fermentation of sugar to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Increased glycerol production from monosaccharides can be obtained using yeast fermentation. The production of glycerol in the laboratory is possible by yeast Candida magnoliae and osmotolerant yeast Candida glycerinogenes. Using genetic information, there are new possibilities in the field of fermentation and metabolic engineering. The Overexpression or blocking of genes could potentially can increase yield or productivity. Triose phosphate isomerase is an important enzyme in glycolytic pathway that directs dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. When this triose phosphate isomerase gene was deleted, the mutant is able to achieve higher yield of glycerol. Overexpression of GPD1 gene in yeast increases glycerol production simultaneously increases the accumulation of byproducts such as succinate, acetate, pyruvate etc., This work briefs about the comparison of glycerol production in Candida magnoliae and Candida glycerinogenes. For the design of fermentation process, culture media optimization is an essential step. Many parameters such as phosphate, sulfate, temperature and pH have been found to affect the productivity of glycerol by these microorganisms. Hence these were optimized in prior to other parameters. Materials and Methods Organisms and Media All fermentation procedures were carried out with both C. magnoliae and C. glycerinogenes. C. magnoliae cells were propagated in medium containing 3 g/L of yeast extract, 160 g/L of glucose, 3 g/L of malt extract, 5 g/L of peptone. C. glycerinogenes cells were propagated in medium containing 150 g/L of glucose, 2 g/L of urea and 7 ml/L of corn steep liquor. YEP medium is required to grow C. glycerinogenes and YM medium is required to grow C. magnoliae. The cells were grown until the density reaches 0.2 OD. Fermentation process Fermentations were carried out in 250 ml shake flasks with a working volume of 50 ml. To the working medium 5% (v/v) of C. glycerinogenes and C. magnoliae were inoculated in different flasks. Flask for C. glycerinogenes was incubated at 31 oC and flask for C. magnoliae was incubated at 30 oC for 48 hours. Magnetically stirred 3-l fermentor was used for fermentation with working volume of 1-l. The medium was agitated at 500 rpm and aerated at 2.0 l/min. Analytical methods Glucose concentration was determined using glucose analyzer and glycerol concentration was monitored and confirmed with HPLC using an Aminex HPX 87H column with differential refractive index detector. Other compounds like ethanol, organic acid were analyzed using gas chromatography. Results Candida magnoliae was isolated from honey comb. C. magnoliae can utilize glucose as a carbon source for growth. It strongly ferments glucose to glycerol. This yeast is able to grow in YM medium containing glucose, yeast extract, malt extract and peptone. C. glycerinogenes was isolated from natural environment of high osmotic pressure. Glucose can be used as carbon source by this organism for glycerol production. Optimization Effect of Glucose concentration on glycerol production The effect of different concentration of glucose and glycerol production by C. magnoliae and C. glycerinogenes was determined in 250 ml flask containing 50 ml of medium. For C. magnoliae, concentration of glycerol yield increases when the concentration of glucose was increased from 100 g/l to 200 g/l and for C. glycerinogenes, concentration of glycerol increases when the concentration of glucose ranges between 150 g/L to 250 g/L . Further increase in the concentration of glucose causes a remarkable decrease in the yield. The optimum concentration of glucose for the growth using C. magnoliae was found to be 160 g/L and for C. glycerinogenes, glucose concentration was found to be 230 g/L. Table 1 Effect of different concentration of sulfate on glycerol productivity Glucose (g/L) Glycerol for C. magnoliae (g/L) Glycerol for C. glycerinogenes (g/L) 0 40.9 99.8 100 45.3 104.1 130 49.1 110.3 160 52.6 116.7 190 45.0 120.9 210 41.2 123.2 240 38.5 117.4 270 34.6 106.8 Fig. 1 Effect of initial concentration of glucose in the medium on the production of glycerol by C.magnoliae and C. glycerinogenes based on the amount of glucose consumed. Effect of Phosphate concentration on glycerol production It was found that phosphate is also an important factor in determining the glycerol productivity. A concentration of phosphate between 0 and 2 g/l increases the glycerol yield. Beyond 2 g/l of phosphate the yield of glycerol decreases gradually for C. magnoliae simultaneously the glycerol concentration for C. glycerinogenes decreases beyond 6 g/l of phosphate. Table 2 Effect of different concentration of phosphate on glycerol productivity Phosphate (g/L) Glycerol for C. magnoliae (g/L) Glycerol for C. glycerinogenes (g/L) 0 45.8 76.2 2 46.2 84.1 4 43.8 119.6 6 39.5 123.3 8 37.9 81.3 10 30.3 47.2 Fig. 2 Effect of initial concentration of phosphate on the production of glycerol in the medium by C.magnoliae and C. glycerinogenes based on the amount of consumed glucose. Effect of Temperature on glycerol production Using shake-flask culture, the optimum temperature was determined for glycerol production. The concentration of glycerol varies with temperature from 26 oC to 34 oC. The yield of glycerol increases till 30 oC for C.magnoliae and beyond this temperature the yield decreases. Similarly for C.glycerinogenes concentration of glycerol decreases beyond 32 oC. Table 3 Effect of temperature on glycerol productivity Temperature (oC) Glycerol for C. magnoliae (g/L) Glycerol for C. glycerinogenes (g/L) 26 68.6 79.6 28 73.2 101.1 30 77.3 114.2 32 74.1 130.4 34 70.5 125.7 Fig. 3 The temperature significantly affected the production of glycerol by à ¢-  C.magnoliae and à ¢-   C.glycerinogenes based on the amount of glucose consumed. Effect of pH on glycerol production Batch experiments were done to determine the effect of pH on glycerol production from C.magnoliae and C.glycerinogenes. At acidic pH the yield was found to be low. Between the pH 4 and 6, the production of glycerol was not significantly affected. At pH 5 there was a significant increase in the growth rate and glycerol production. Finally the optimum pH was found to be 5 for both the organisms. Table 4 Effect of pH on glycerol productivity pH Glycerol for C. magnoliae (g/L) Glycerol for C. glycerinogenes (g/L) 3.0 113.4 3.5 4.0 60.3 120.2 4.5 75.9 5.0 80.1 134.7 5.5 76.0 6.0 66.2 127.1 6.5 7.0 103.5 Fig. 4 Effect of initial pH of medium on production of glycerol by à ¢-  C. magnoliae and à ¢-   C. glycerinogenes based on the amount of glucose consumed. Discussion Glycerol yield by microbial fermentation of glucose using S. cerevisiae is less than 50%(w/w). But newly discovered C. magnoliae and osmotolerent yeast C. glycerinogenes produced glycerol in higher concentration compared with S. cerevisiae. 64.5% of glycerol obtained from C. glycerinogenes and C. magnoliae yields 55% of glycerol after recovery. Therefore C. glycerinogenes gives 9% more yield when compared to C. magnoliae. Increase in glycerol by C. glycerinogenes is due to overexpression of GPD1 gene. Also glycerol concentration increases in C. magnoliae when GPD1 gene overexpressed. But it also accumulated higher amount of byproducts such as acetate, succinate, pyruvate and acetoin. Many parameters such as temperature, pH, phosphate and glucose were found to affect the glycerol productivity by C. magnoliae and C. glycerinogenes. The optimum concentration of glucose for C. magnoliae was found to be 160 g/L and for C. glycerinogenes it was found to be 230 g/L, beyond these concentration range the yield of glycerol decreases. 2 g/L of phosphate was estimated as optimum concentration for glycerol production by C. magnoliae and similarly for C. glycerinogenes, maximum glycerol was obtained at 6 g/L of phosphate. 28 oC – 32 oC of temperature favors the good growth of cells and better glycerol production. Thus the optimum temperatures was declared to be 30 oC for C. magnoliae and 32 oC for C. glycerinogenes. Finding different species other than S. cerevisiae will give new knowledge, beyond physiological effect of glycerol production.

Terrorism Essay -- essays research papers

Terrorism is the unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in the furtherance of political or social objectives". This definition includes three elements: (1) Terrorist activities are illegal and involve the use of force. (2) The actions are intended to intimidate or coerce. (3) The actions are committed in support of political or social objectives. The main topic here is Terrorism and Foreign Policy. The two terms that are going to be discussed is how the war against terrorism is expanding and how American President George W. Bush misnamed his National Security Strategy. In his State of the Union address, President Bush threatened to expand the war on terrorism to countries that are developing weapons of mass destruction and nations that are â€Å"timid in the face of terror.† The president singled out three nations, North Korea, Iran, and Iraq as the â€Å"axis of evil† and that he might take military action to pre-empt the threat from their weapons of mass destruction. Although such rhetoric may simply be sabre rattling to intimidate those nations, the possibility of an expansion of the war is a real and dangerous possibility. But those three countries hardly constitute an organized alliance against the United States, as did the much more dangerous collaboration among Japan, Germany, and Italy during World War II. In fact, Iran and Iraq hate each other. And despite North Korea’s continued harbouring of a few members of the Japanese Red Army, North Korea has not actively sponsored terrorist attacks in many years. Although North Korea, Iran, and Iraq are developing (or have acquired) weapons of mass destruction, so are many other nations. According to the Pentagon, 12 countries have nuclear weapons programs, 13 nations have biological weapons, 16 countries have chemical weapons and 28 nations have ballistic missiles. Is the president prepared to attack all of those nations? What if North Korea, Iran, or Iraq has already sent intelligence opera tives or terrorists to the United States with weapons of mass destruction to lie in wait in case a strike is needed in retaliation for a U.S. attempt at regime change? Iran or Iraq might do the same to Israel. The fact is that the United States must live with an increasing number of nations that have acquired weapons of mass des... ...tegy promulgated by President Bush in September 2002 does just the opposite. It prescribes a global security strategy based on the false belief that the best and only way to achieve U.S. security is by forcibly creating a better and safer world in America's image. A better approach would be a less interventionist foreign policy. It is too late to stop al Qaeda from targeting America and Americans. The United States must do everything in its power to dismantle the al Qaeda terrorist network worldwide, but the United States must also avoid needlessly making new terrorist enemies or fuelling the flames of virulent anti-American hatred. In the 21st century, the less the United States meddles in the affairs of other countries, the less likely the prospect that America and Americans will be targets for terrorism. In sum, an apparent widening of the current war designed to enhance U.S security could have the opposite effect. http://www.workersparty.org/expanding-war-against-terrorism.html http://www.asiasource.org/asip/bello.cfm http://www.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/01/29/bush.speech.txt/index.html http://www.afa.org/magazine/oct1999/1099edit.asp http://www.dsausa.org/news/director.html

Animal Farm As Animal Satire

This study aims to determine that George Orwell s Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalin s practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of author s life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. Chapter one also presents background information about Animal Farm. Chapter two is devoted to satire. In this chapter, definition of satire is presented and some important characteristics of satire are discussed. In chapter three, the method of this research is described. Under the light of information presented in the previous chapters, Chapter four discusses Animal Farm and focuses on the book as a political satire. The last chapter presents the conclusion of this study. I would first like to express my sincere thanks to my thesis supervisor, Assoc.Prof. Dr. Jashua M. Bear for his help and freedom he gave me in this study. Without his understanding this thesis would never have been completed. I also wish to thank my sister Fidan Korkut for her suggestions in the planning stage of this study and her endurance during my long study days at home. My special thanks go to +zg r Ceylan, who constantly granted me her moral support. She was always there when I needed her. Presentation This chapter introduces general information about George Orwell s life. It includes chronological progress of his life and his political convictions. Furthermore, important events, such as The Russian Revolution and The Spanish Civil War which had significant influence on his commitment to write Animal Farm will be discussed. Lastly, general information about Animal Farm will be given. His Life The British author George Orwell, pen name of Eric Arthur Blair, was born in Motihari, India, June 25, 1903. His father was an important British civil servant in India, which was then part of the British Empire. A few years after Eric was born, he retired on a low pension and moved back to England. Though their income was not much enough, the Blair family sent their son away to boarding school which was an exclusive preparatory school, to prepare him for Eton Collage. Eric then won a scholarship to Eton Collage. During his education from the age of eight to eighteen, as he wrote in his essay about his school experiences titled â€Å"Such, Such Were the Joys,† he experienced many things about the â€Å"world where the prime necessities were money, titled relatives, athleticism, tailor-made clothes†, inequality, oppression and class distinctions in the schools of England (In Ball,1984). After the education at Eton College in England, Eric joined the Indian Imperial Police in British-Ruled Burma in 1922. There he witnessed oppression again, but this time he was looking at things from the top. Having served five years in Burma, he resigned in 1927 and turned back to Europe and lived in Paris for more than a year. Though he wrote novels and short stories he found nobody to get them published. He worked as a tutor and even as a dishwasher in Paris. During his poor days in Paris, he once more experienced the problems of the oppressed, the helpless and lower class people. In 1933, After having many experiences about the life at the bottom of society, he wrote Down and Out in Paris and London and published it under his pen name â€Å"George Orwell.† After a year in 1934 he published his novel Burmese Days, which he reflected his experiences there. Then, he published A Clergyman s Daughter in 1935, and Keep the Aspidistra Flying in 1936. In 1936, his publisher wanted Orwell to go to the English coal-mining country and write about it which was another important experience in his life. He wrote The Road to Wigan Pier to reflect what he saw there, the real poverty of people of the Lancashire Town of Wigan, and published it in 1937 (Ball, 1984). 1937 was the year that Orwell who for some time had been describing himself as â€Å"pro-socialist† (BALL, 1984) joined the Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War. When the Communists attempted to eliminate their allies on the far left, he fought against them and was wounded in the fighting, later was forced to flee for his life. His experience in this war was to have the most significant impact on his political thoughts and his later works. In 1938, Orwell wrote Homage to Catalonia, which recounts his experiences fighting for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. One of his best-known books reflecting his lifelong distrust of dictatorial government, whether of the left or right, Animal Farm, a modern beast-fable attacking Russian Revolution, Stalinism and totalitarianism, was published in 1945, and Nineteen Eighty-Four, a dystopian novel setting forth his fears of an intrusively bureaucratised state of the future was published in 1949. His first fame was brought by these two novels and they were the only ones which made a profit for him as a writer (Ball,1984). Orwell died at the early age of forty-seven of a neglected lung ailment in London, Jan. 21, 1950. His Time: Political Background In his essay â€Å"Why I Write†, Orwell (1947) says: I do not think one can assess a writer s motives without knowing something of his early development. His subject matter will be determined by the age he lives in at least this is true in tumultuous, revolutionary ages like our own Taking Orwell s his own words into consideration, in order to get a better understanding of his works and particularly of his political satire Animal Farm, we should look at his political convictions, and the historical context which influenced Orwell and inspired him to write. Very few authors develop essays explaining the motivation behind their writing. Orwell was of one them. Therefore in order to understand his motivations, his essay â€Å"Why I Write† would be the most appropriate source to be looked at. Orwell was a political writer and according to him he was forced to be a writer by the circumstances under which he has become aware of his political loyalties. His Burma and Paris days increased his natural hatred of authority and made him aware of the existence of the working classes.(Orwell, 1947) As mentioned above, he described himself as â€Å"pro-Socialist.† What he was longing for was a society in which there would be no class distinctions, and he named his ideal ideology â€Å"democratic socialism†. He says â€Å"every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism † (Orwell, 1947) There are two significant events that have great influence on Orwell s political thoughts: The Russian revolution that took place in the second decade of 20th century and The Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939. The Russian Revolution Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917 was the first great revolution which aimed at to overthrow the owners of the means of production, that is Capitalist Bourgeoisie, and to establish a state to be ruled by the working class, the Proletariat. Ideological basis of the revolution was taken from the philosophy of Karl Marx and Frederick Angels who believed that the history of the world was the history of a struggle between classes- between ruling classes and ruled classes (Han erlio lu, 1976). Marx was very critical of industrial capitalist society in which there are many cruel injustices and men are exploited by men. Out of his analysis of Capitalist system, he attained a vision of ending these injustices and establishing a society in which there would be no social classes and everybody would be equal. To him, in order to achieve this end the only way was a revolution made by the working class or the Proletariat against the Bourgeoisie. After revolution working classes would own the means of production. Marx called the new order that would be set after revolution â€Å"dictatorship of the Proletariat† which eventually replaced with a classless society (Han erlio lu, 1976). In October 1917, V.I. Lenin, led the socialist (Bolshevik) revolution in Russia. After the revolution was a four-year bloody civil war. During this war Red Army of the revolution organised and headed by Leon Trotsky had to fight against both Russians who were loyal to Czar and foreign troops (The Academic American Encyclopaedia, 1995). After Lenin died in 1924, a struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky started for the leadership of the Communist Party. Stalin gained priority over Trotsky and; in 1925 Trotsky with several other members ousted from Politburo (the chief executive and political committee of the Communist Party); in 1927 Trotsky and his followers expelled from Party; Stalin took the control. Later Trotsky was exiled and in 1929 he was deported. In 1940 he was assassinated. During this period, Stalin always denounced Trotsky as a traitor (Ball, 1929). In the following years, Russia witnessed that Stalin started to take all power only in his hands. In 1930 s, many people were arrested. After public trials most of the opposing elements were eliminated. Stalin has been accused of being a very cruel dictator. However, Nikita Khrushchev, who ruled USSR between 1958-1964 and who was very critical of Stalin s crimes and non-human practices said in 1956 that: Stalin believed that all his practices was necessary in order to defend the benefits of labourers. He looked at these practices from the view point of the benefit of socialism and labourers. Thus, we cannot define his practices as of a giddy cruel despot. Here, it is the all tragedy (Han erlio lu, 1979). The Spanish Civil War In 1936, General Francisco Franco led a military coup in Spain, plunging the country into civil war. Franklin Rosemont in his article â€Å"Spanish revolution of 1936†³ defines the beginning of the revolution as follows: When Franco s fascist troops invaded Spain in July 1936 with the purpose of overthrowing the young and unstable Republic, the Spanish working class responded by making a revolution that went much further toward realising the classless and stateless ideal of proletarian socialism than any preceding popular revolt. Spontaneously and almost overnight, workers seized factories and other workplaces; land was collectivised; workers militias were formed throughout the country; the church age-old enemy of all working-class radicalism and indeed, openly profascist was dismantled, and its property confiscated; established political institutions disintegrated or were taken over by workers committees (Rosemont, 1988). Yet, between 1936 and 1939 the military rising originating in Morocco, headed by General Francisco Franco, spreads rapidly all over the country, After a number of bloody battles in which fortunes changed from one side to the other. Finally, Nationalist forces occupied the capital, Madrid, on March 28, 1939, and on April 1, General Franco officially ended the war (The Academic American Encyclopaedia). Orwell And The Spanish Civil War David Ball (1984) points out three experiences in the Spanish Civil War that were important for Orwell: atmosphere of Comradeship and respect, what happened to his fellow fighters and what happened when he returned to England and reported what he had seen. After spending very poor days in Paris, Orwell went to Spain to fight for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. When he arrived Barcelona, he found an elating â€Å"atmosphere of Comradeship and respect†. People were friendly and addressing each other â€Å"comrade†. To Orwell, relations in the militia group he joined were the same and this made him feel that socialism was in action there. But later on, he was disappointed by what happened to his arm friends who were imprisoned and killed by their own â€Å"comrades† who were of Communist-dominated elements of the Republican government that they were fighting for. Communists believed that the communist ideas were betrayed by the militia group that Orwell belonged to. After he was wounded Orwell went back to England for remedy and was saved from being killed by his â€Å"comrades†. When he returned England he reported what he witnessed in the war, but Socialists strongly resisted to understand what he told about the practices of communists in Spain. The reason was that it was not the right time to publicise all these things while the war was going on and this information would harm Republican s position in the war. After this bad experience, he started to be more critical of British socialists and of communism. He wrote in his article â€Å"The Spanish war and other events in 1936-37 turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood.† (Orwell, 1947)

Carver essays

Carver essays George Washington Carver was an African American who contributed to the society by revolutionizing southern agriculture. He did this with the introduction of soybean, sweet potato and peanut production to replenish nitrogen in the soil. This nitrogen was largely depleted by cotton growth. Carver also developed industrial applications from agricultural based products, some of the applications were rubber substitutes, dyes and pigments. These were all developed from several different plants. However, his technical contribution did not stop with the development of dyes and pigments. He further went on to develop products such as bleach, cheese, flour, ink, paper and shampoo. The products listed only represent a small percentage of Mr. Carvers contribution. George Washington Carver was awarded the Spingarn medal for his remarkable service in the field of agriculture. Mr. Carver was born during the Civil War year. The exact birth date of Carver is not known but the year is said to be 1864. Carver was born in Missouri to a slave woman. His father died in an accident and his mother was kidnapped, so he was left to be raised by his white owners Moses and Susan Carver. In his late 20s, Carver attended Simpson College in Iowa, then he later transferred to Iowa State Agricultural College. During his stay there he received a master of science degree and a B.S degree in agricultural science. It was in his early 30s that George Washington Carver became the director of Tuskegee Institutes New Department of Agriculture in Alabama. Cotton was a very important crop to the south back in the 1890s, but the crop was also responsible for the depletion of the soil. It was Carver who solved this problem by developing the peanut, potato and soybean. ...

10 New Years Resolutions for Career Success in 2017

10 New Years Resolutions for Career Success in 2017 It’s hard to believe, but 2017 is right around the corner. This can be a great time to take stock and press the reset button, making positive resolutions for the future. These are often focused on personal improvement goals or hobbies, but could just as easily be a chance to buckle down, focus, and advance your career. This year, consider tailoring your resolutions to maximize career success, making sure to choose realistic goals that you can meet in any given year, rather than having the same goals end up on your resolutions list year in and year out without anything coming of it.Here are 10 of the best New Year’s resolutions for career advancement and success.1. Get PromotedSit down and take yourself through an evaluation of your career. What’s working well? What areas need attention? Then come up with a game plan for what your next step should be- be that a raise or a promotion. Figure out what you’d have to do to make either of those things happen, the n set about doing just that. You can’t always control the outcome, but you can control putting yourself in the best possible position.2. Acquire a SkillIt’s never too late to learn something new- and it’s always a great way to beef up your resume. Pick something that will fill a gap in your hiring profile, or that will really help you move to the next stage. Above all, pick something that interests you so you’ll be sure to follow through.3.  Become an Industry ExpertMake a resolution to keep a better eye on industry news and trends. Read blogs or newsletters or news sites that are relevant to your career and do it daily. With your morning coffee, perhaps. Being informed is an asset, and you’ll be surprised at how knowledgeable you become- and how valuable you’ll make yourself.4. Organize Your LifeBeing more organized is always an ongoing project. But this year pick one or a few things that you can be more proactive about. Separate your per sonal and professional social media spheres. Clean out your email inbox and come up with a system to keep it clean, starting fresh every day at 0 unread messages. Tidy your desk. Make a to-do list. Figure out a way to keep yourself efficient and productive all year long.5. SchmoozeWe could all always be doing more networking. Take your connection-making goals off the back burner and start building your network. Get active online, on LinkedIn and Facebook and Twitter, attend more industry events, ask a contact out for an informational coffee. Try doing at least one networking thing a month, then build to two or even one a week.6. Get HealthyYou’ll be surprised at how much difference a little extra sleep and some healthy eating can make. Cut back on alcohol or sugar. Exercise more. Quit smoking. You’ll live longer, have more energy, and find yourself much more motivated overall to reach your other goals.7. Learn How to Take CriticismHow we handle criticism is important. Train yourself to seek out constructive criticism and to be less defensive when hearing what you could be doing better. Feedback like this can be a great way to locate places where you ought to focus more. Free career advice!8. Quit If You Have ToIf your job is a dead-end, or you know you should have left long ago, consider making this the year you take the leap. Make sure you have a safety net and plan in place, but make turning your career around a priority.  9. Say Yes to What Scares YouIf someone offers you an opportunity or a challenge, take it. Don’t just demure because it would require more work or energy or is a bit risky. Leap at the big chances and see how far you can run.10. Find BalanceWork-life balance is a term so often thrown around these days. Take a minute to see where your particular balance falls out of whack, and figure out a solid plan on how to correct that imbalance. Remember, when you’re healthy and happy, you’ll work harder and achieve more.

Good Management in the Public Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Good Management in the Public Sector - Essay Example To achieve this, all barriers to good management in the public sector should be identified and done away with. After the barriers have been eliminated, the officials serving in the public sector should find ways through which they can improve the quality of both management and work life so that the public can enjoy the services available (13). One of the barriers that come in the way of good management in the public sector is too much red tape. Excessive bureaucratic tendencies have been known to bring whole organizations down to their feet. When compared to the private sector, there is a big difference in the way matters are handled in the public sector, where there are too many people who must approve of something before it goes through (Denhardt and Denhardt 35). This kind of rigid conformity to excessive regulation not only impacts negatively on management roles, it also hinders timely and relevant delivery or services to the general public. Bureaucratic tendencies are also a recipe for uncontrolled misuse of power by managers in different levels of the public sector (37). In this situation, it becomes hard for the officials on the ground to offer quality services to the people that the government is supposed to serve with diligence. Another common barrier to good management practices in the public sector is corruption. Corruption in government offices comes in many forms and can include irregular financial dealings and power corruption. Due to the lack of clear policies which can act as professional guidelines for managers and employees in government agencies, there is a lot of room for misappropriation or resources, including funds (Cohen, Eimicke and Heikkila 23). Managing such a work environment becomes tricky especially when it is considered that people are normally unwilling to fight against such practices. When finances are mismanaged, or when an individual uses his influence in

Electronic Communication in the Workplace Assignment

Electronic Communication in the Workplace - Assignment Example An unfortunate incident in the corporate sector is that of Royal and SunAlliance Insurance Company. The organization sacked and disciplined employees involved in the distribution and emailing of pornographic content. The time allocated to the viewing and distribution of the illegal content at the workplace is a clear indication of misappropriation of resources in the company. The unanticipated fall in employee count disorganized the structure of the organization. Consequently, the output of the organization decreased. The company ought to address the misconduct of email at work through employment policies. It is necessary for each staff to go through these policies and agreeing to them by signing the document if it is in hard copy. Installation of email filtering software is vital for monitoring the employees and in punishing the offenders of the employment policies. In addition to that, the employer is responsible for addressing the issue in regular meetings by insisting a high level of formality in the use emails both externally and internally. Implementation of the mentioned guidelines at the workplace is a holistic approach to the elimination of unproductiveness at the workplace while promoting ethics in the business. The purpose of writing is to announce the implementation of guidelines for the use of the company’s email as a tool of communication within the workplace. The decision resulted from recently revealed statistics on the abuse of the resource in the company. The use of employment policies as a guideline is vital in mitigating the email misuse. Employment policies of the company have undergone revision. The inclusion of Internet and email use as a section in the policies is a necessary move in the implementation and enforcement of the rear mentioned guideline. Attached is a revised copy of the employment policies. Take time to go through each policy related to the use of Internet and email.