Ethical Dilemmas Associated with Corporate Bribery

Ethical Dilemmas Associated With Corporate Bribery ABSTRACT In today’s business world, bribery has become an everyday problem. Some people consider it to be a fair business tactic, others consider it to be an unethical act. This paper focuses on a particular bribery case and uses three different ethical theories, Utilitarianism, Kant, and virtue ethics to determine whether or not bribery is an ethical or unethical act. The Case A former partner of a prominent New Jersey law firm has been indicted on bribery charges in exchange for legislation and other favors intended to benefit the attorney’s land-developer clients. Eric Wisler is charged with making regular payments to Democratic, New Jersey Senator Wayne Bryant totaling $192,000 from†¦show more content†¦However, when it is studied after the scandal is revealed, it is hard to find any hedons in the case. The harm done as a direct result of the bribery, provides many dolors and very few, if any, hedons. In addition, the dolors in this case are greatly affected. Wisler faces jail time, Senator Bryant is currently serving a jail sentence due to accepting bribes, and the land-developers who were not clients of Wisler had lost business as a result of the bribery. An alternative to the situation would have been for Wisler to never offer bribes to Senator Bryant. When utilitarian calculus is performed on this situation, many more hedons emerge. Wisler would not be facing criminal charges, Senator Bryant would not be serving jail time for the bribes accepted from Wisler, and the land-developers who were not clients of Wisler would not be put at a disadvantage and would not lose business. The land-developer clients of Wisler are the only group of people who may be considered dolors if the bribery had never taken place. As a direct result of the bribery, they had legislation passed in their favor and gained business over the competition. After looking at both situations, Wisler should have chosen not to offer Senator Bryant bribes. When the utilitarian calculus was done on the current situation, where bribes were offered and they were caught, the amount of dolors far outweigh the number of hedons. However, when looking at the availableShow MoreRelatedEthical And Ethical Models Of The Asian Mining Sector1559 Words   |  7 Pagescontract, as is accustomed in many Asian countries (Han Fan, Woodbine, Scully, 2012). This particu lar situation is classified by Australian law as bribery and as such poses both a legal and ethical dilemma to the manager in charge of making this decision (Pedigo, Marshall, 2009). 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I Am A Friend Of Mine Caused Me Essay - 1839 Words

I didn’t bother to wonder what education means to me until I was about to attend college. A friend of mine caused me to. Now I feel thankful to have him as my friend because the lesson I learned from that wondering is priceless. My story started on a Saturday afternoon as I recall. I was in tenth grade at the time. I told my mother that I was going to visit my friends. I promised to my mother that I would get all my assignments done by next week. But I lied to her. I used to work on my assignments when the deadlines were close. Fortunately, my mother believed me. I bicycled to visit one of my closest friends. His name is Phap. He is a kind and bulky guy. I, Phap and another guy named Hai are very close. When I reached his place, I stood out of the gate. I did so because I was afraid of dog and Phap raised two â€Å"unpleasant† dogs. I shouted to call him out instead of coming in. He took me in and settled down for a while before we headed our way to visit Hai. 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The movie Josie and the Pussycats Free Essays

Attention Getter: Has anyone here seen the movie Josie and the Pussycats from 2001? It’s okay if you haven’t, I don’t blame you. Relate to Audience: Behind all the superb acting and catchy music, however, lies a highly controversial and interesting topic. That would be subliminal messaging, and that’s what I’ll be talking to you about today. We will write a custom essay sample on The movie Josie and the Pussycats or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thesis: Subliminal messaging has been a controversial method of manipulation for years. Preview: I will talk about the different forms of subliminal messages, I’ll tell you about how influential they can be, and I will describe some of the most controversial examples throughout history. Transition: So let’s start by exploring the types of subliminal messages. Body I. MP1: Subliminal messages can be either audio or visual. According to Webster’s dictionary, the word â€Å"subliminal† is defined as â€Å"existing or functioning below the threshold of consciousness†. Basically, this means that your body can sense a subliminal message but it won’t be transferred into consciousness; it’s sensation without perception. Audio subliminal messages can be achieved by hiding the message at a volume too low to pick up. Other sounds are played above these messages to mask their identity. Another more famous form of audio subliminal messaging is known as â€Å"backmasking†. It often involves music that, when played backward, sends a different message than when played forward. This form of subliminal message was responsible for a wave of hysteria beginning in the 1970s as the media claimed that numerous songs hid satanic messages behind their lyrics. On the other hand, there are visual subliminal messages. These can take a couple different forms as well. An image (generally a word) can be quickly flashed and taken away before the subject can consciously perceive what it says. The image is often flashed repeatedly at this rapid pace through something like a commercial. Subliminal images can also be present as a part of other images. An example of this would be a word clearly spelled out in the clouds on an advertisement or details of a picture that suggest something else. Transition: Now that you know the basics of subliminal messaging, let’s explore how they’re used. II. MP2: MISSING An April 2010 New York Times article provides an interesting example. â€Å"New York State’s health commissioner†¦ Dr. Richard F. Daines, was recently driving down Interstate 15 in Utah, his home state, when he came across four billboards in a row that beamed a subliminal message at him, and not the one the advertisers intended. † The repetitive billboards contained phrases that subliminally suggested a healthier lifestyle rather than the consumption of the soda it advertised. As with any subliminal message, there is no telling how it will aff ect the subject. In the Handbook of Consumer Psychology from 2009, Haugtvedt et. al state, â€Å"Subliminal advertising is, at best, a very weak force. However, there is evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can influence behavior and cognition. † It just may not be the intended behavior. Transition: Now that we have seen how subliminal messages can be used, let’s examine a few famous cases. III. MP3: The most controversial cases of subliminal messaging surround the fields of politics and music. George Bush’s 2000 political campaign was under scrutiny for displaying the word â€Å"RATS† while talking about one of Al Gore’s plans. The ad said â€Å"bureaucrats†, but these four letters flashed on the screen independently, creating an uproar. It was written off as a mere coincidence by the creator of the ad, but was taken off of television nonetheless. Heavy metal music is often scrutinized as a source of violence in adolescents, but the 1990 case of young James Vance and Raymond Belknap suggested it influenced suicide as well. According to Philips and Cogan of the 2009 Encyclopedia of Heavy Metal Music, â€Å"subliminal messages in the song â€Å"Better by You, Better Than Me† [by Judas Priest] †¦ allegedly had influenced the victims’ actions† to commit suicide. The case was eventually dropped, but its impact was great. Signal Conclusion: As you have seen, subliminal messaging has been a controversial method of manipulation for years. Summary: I talked about the different forms of subliminal messaging. I also discussed how influential they can be. I followed up with some examples that have created controversy in recent years. Lasting thought: I hope you’ve enjoyed getting to know a little bit more about a topic that really interests me. You’re now free to go play all your music backwards and see what really happens†¦ Questions (15 POINTS) Does the preview adequately map out the main points covered in the speech and is it in the right format? 2 points) I think it does a decent job at mapping out the main points. The second point could use some work, she says it’s about how influential subliminal messages are, then in the paragraph quotes a psychology book that says they are â€Å"†¦ at best, a very weak force†¦ †, and in the transition she says it’s a bout how they are used. A little confusing. Also, for your class, it’s missing signposts. Does the summary adequately review the main points covered in the speech and is it in the right format? (2 points) Same as in the preview, not sure about point two. Other than that it looks good. Also, signposts again. Does the speaker include smooth transitions between all of the MPs? (2 points) Yes. Except point the transition into MP2, to me the paragraph is really about when subliminal messages gone wrong; to make that clear she could say, â€Å"Now that you know the basics of subliminal messaging, let’s explore how not to use them. † At least one MP is missing a clear MP sentence. Write a MP sentence for that section. (4 points) MP2: In advertising, subliminal messages are often a disaster. Overall, what is your assessment of the organization of this speech (be concrete in your answer). (5 points) Overall, the speech is well organized. Main point two is the only area of the speech that really needs work. Though the information in the paragraph is interesting, her point is unclear. I would switch sub-point one and two. Also, take out the second quote, as it can be easily paraphrased, and add in details of what the billboards actually say, that way it makes sense to the listener. Possibly something like this: II. MP2: In advertising, subliminal messages are often a disaster. In the Handbook of Consumer Psychology from 2009, Haugtvedt et. al stated, â€Å"Subliminal advertising is, at best, a very weak force. However, there is evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can influence behavior and cognition. † The problem with these messages is that it is difficult to tell how it will affect the subject. Sometimes subliminal messages effect the viewer in the opposite way that the advertiser intended it to. An April 2010 New York Times article describes an instance where several billboards for a soda company suggested that viewers should choose a healthier lifestyle, rather than consuming their soda. (fill in with actual content of the ad) (The advertiser intended the message to be†¦ however to some it was perceived as†¦ As shown in this example, subliminal messages are not the best choice when promoting a product. Transition: Now that we have seen how subliminal messages can be misused, let’s examine how they can be successfully used (at least to stir up controversy. ) III. MP3: The most famous cases of subliminal messaging surround the fields of politics and music. Extra Credit (3 POINTS) Explain the difference between a prelim outline, a full sentence outline, and a keyword outline. A prelim outline is the base of a full sentence outline, it has a thesis, transitions, main points, a few sub-points and a conclusion. Add more detail, more sub-points, an attention getter and a lasting thought and you have your full sentence outline. The full sentence outline should be written in complete sentences and include everything you plan to discuss in the speech. The keyword outline is what you take up with you when you give the speech. I should contain no full sentences, besides the thesis and quotes and statistics that need to be worded in a specific way. It should only include a few words per line that can help you stay on track if you get lost during your speech. How to cite The movie Josie and the Pussycats, Papers

Role of Intelligence in Formulating Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Intelligence in Formulating Strategy. Answer: Introduction Nowadays, business firms face a lot of problems in order to survive in todays more competitive business scenario. They use numerous effective strategies to accomplish goals related to their businesses. Along with this, business organizations also conduct marketing research to collect all the important data and information related to the product, price, and competitors as well. Small enterprises face more problems than big or MNCs. It is because of they are new in the market. They are not aware about the marketing tactics that are essential to earn profits and accomplish competitive advantages over the competitors. Moreover, competitor analysis and customer profitability analysis are valuable to improve the productivity and profitability of the business organization. Both, competitor and customer profitability analysis play numerous significant role in the growth and success of the businesses. This research paper is useful to illustrate the methods and strategies used by the small bus inesses to set reasonable prices for their products or services. Furthermore, this research paper is also advantageous to illustrate the strategies and tactics used by the business firms in order to conduct competitor analysis and customer profitability analysis for the growth of businesses in the national and international market as well. Relevant Literature Prior Studies Being in the hospitality industry, the chosen business needs to ensure they are conducting regular competitor analysis. Current literature has found that competitor analysis is essential to the strategic management process. Scholarly researchers have found that most businesses adequately audit their internal environment, but that many lack the methodology to properly and accurately assess the external environment (Herring, 1996). Current literature regarding competitor analysis in small business has found there are a number of businesses that lack a formal process for collecting, assimilating and converting information regarding their competition into knowledge and intelligence. Competitive intelligence has been found to be an effective strategic management process. Research has found that in the past, most small businesses do not realise the benefits that can be obtained from competitive intelligence (Narayanan, Pinches, Kelm, Lander, 2000). The findings of a recent study found tha t small businesses are not concerned with gathering intelligence on competitors because of satisfaction with current intelligence (Groom David, 2001).The research found that there was managerial implications that focused on the development of competitive intelligence systems. This is something the chosen small business should consider when analysing their competitors in the future. The chosen small business uses target costing to set their prices under the impression that target pricing gives a long term view of their profit margin and the ability to cope with market changes (Ong, 1981). Current literature has recognised customer value?based pricing as superior to all other pricing strategies (Ingenbleek, 2003). The increasing endorsement of customer value?based strategies among academics and practitioners is based on a general recognition that the keys to sustained profitability lie in the essential features of customer value?based pricing (Hinterhuber, 2008). There is a large number of benefits of customer value-based pricing approaches, however a recent study has found that over eighty percent of companies continue to price their products and services on the basis of cost and competitive price levels (Hinterhuber, 2008). Literature has found that this is due to the difficulties surrounding communicating with customers and perhaps this is the reason why the c hosen small business has avoided customer value-based costing. Information on the small business Chosen small business is established in 2015 with sole trader form of business.The nature of operation is service in the food industry which is selling food and drinks. The chosen business sell combination of Malaysia, Thai, Korean, Italian, and Australian cuisine. The drinks menus are specialised with their own recipe. They are doing table service to reduce uncomfortable of customers and provide better quality of service. When it started its business, the employee was 5 people but now it increased to 9 people. The reason why we choose this business as subject of our report is the opportunity, strength and its managing style of business. We practiced primary and secondary sources to collect data. The primary sources are practiced to collect in-depth data which can not get from secondary sources. To supplement data, interview was practiced with 15 minutes long. The interview was practiced during chosen businesss break time to avoid damage from disturbing their business. Also, we visited competitors to collect data to practice further analysis. The data which is can not gathered from secondary sources are recorded with photo. The photographs are taken under agreements of the business. Furthermore, the secondary sources are practiced to collect background information and support our analysis.We gathered basic information of chosen business and other businesses through online sources such as Instagram, Face book and its online website to figure out its pricing decisions, customer profitability and competitor analysis. Journal articles are referred to support our assertions in academic purposes and get guidelines from previous researches. Competitor analysis Mostly satisfying requirements choose the top 3 competitors to compare with chosen business. The competitor must to have similar products or substitute for, and located in the same geographic area. The in-depth competitive analysis provided an understanding of how chosen businesss existing and potential customers rate the competitors (Jacobi, G 1992). Through competitive analysiswe recognize its strength, weakness, opportunity and treat. The chosen business can determine its competitive position with this information. Chosen small business Strength -Open till late -Variety options of menus -Different style of cuisine (Malaysian Thai-focused on demands of Asian food) -Location (located in heart of dormitory village) -Signature drinks menu -Using famous coffee beans -Coupons (1free coffee when you have 10 stamps) -Fully licenced -One hour free parking lots - Warm and cosy atmosphere Weakness - 2 hours break - Opening time is later than others -Advertising (no inflow from outside) Only focused on UC Students or Staffs Minimum amount for transaction -Unstable ( -Can not handle lots of individual order -Do not provide catering service -Lack of number of employee (when 1person cannot work it hard to find the other person who can substitute -Lack of information about customer Opportunity - Number of students are increasing -New dormitories are open -Increased interest in Asian food -increasing number of customers during exam and assignment period -Increasing number of international student Treat -New residences in the outside of dormitory village -New entrants -Break terms of university are almost 5 months in one year (can not secure customers) Accordingto competitor analysis we recognised that chosen small business and its competitors having similar opportunities and treats because of geographic reasons and limitation of market. However, the chosen business show that it has better opportunities to attract customer. Competitor A Competitor B Competitor C Strength -Optional coffee beans -Franchise -Biggest size -Australian cuisine -Inside and outside seats are covered -Take away focused -The size of drinks is bigger than others -Located in heart of market -Oldest cafin market -Cheapest price -Indoor and outdoor seats are available Weakness -Unable to get sunshine (cold-outdoor heaters are not available) -Only inside seats are available -Finger food only -Smallest size -Inside seats are small Opportunity -The number of students are increasing (Has possibility to secure new customers Treat -New entrants -Locational (customers are limited to UC Students) Hard to secure customer from outside of UC Customer profitability. According to McCartan-Quinn and Carson (2003), in small business, direct interaction and close approach to customer and market is one way to achieve benefit, which is the significant difference from large business. Fortunately, the chosen business was conducting research about customer profitability, which indicates that the chosen business had been noticing the importance of the interaction with customer and market. On the basis of customer profitability, they are focusing on managing and creating customer loyalty by coupon, interior design that creates a relaxed mood, differentiated menu and so on. In detail, several ways the chosen business is operating to achieve customer profitability will be mentioned. Firstly, they provide loyalty coupon that gives free coffee if a customer buys nine cups of coffee, which attract customer to visit and purchase their product. Secondly, they are trying to remember the face and preference of customer to create a friendly relationship with the reg ular customer. Thirdly, the chosen business offers a variety range of drink and meal menu to break from the unified menu that their competitors provide. Furthermore, at the same time, their differentiated menu satisfies the high interest and demand for Asian food and beverage, which is the crucial finding from the research about the customer and the market. Fourthly, creating a relaxed and friendly atmosphere is highlighted to give a positive impression. In the same sense, they play songs and offer table service. As a small business, customer profitability is achieved more easily than a large business with their flexible and decentralized business structure, which allow them to reflect the customers need and to cope with their competitors moves (Pelham, 2000). The table below shows the actual price of the chosen business and their competitors. Chosen business Competitor A Competitor B Competitor C Coffee Size Small Large Small Medium Large Small Medium Large Small Large Coffee Price range $3.5 $4.0 $3.5 $4.0 $4.5 $3.5 $4.0 $4.5 $3.5 $4.0 Extra charge(extra shot, syrup, milk) No extra charge $0.5 $0.8 $0.5 Lunch price range $12-17 $6.5-16 No food menu $7-12 Dinner price range $12-39 $12-21.9 $11-18 As the table shows, the price range of coffee is narrow than the range of the competitor A and B, which can be adrawback for the customer who wants various choice ofcoffee size. However, the actual amount of coffee is larger than the competitors product. For example, small cups of coffee from the chosen business is bigger than any other competitors small size coffee and the amount is even similar to the medium size coffee of competitor A and B. Accordingly, the coffee of the chosen business has more value for the price. Furthermore, the customers who order extra shot, syrup and milk are able to save money as the chosen business doesnt charge for the extra order. The chosen business sets their meal price ranges for lunch from $12 to $17 and for dinner from $12 to $39, which are expensive than their competitors price. However, the chosen business offers a large amount of food so that customer can share one dish with their companion. The chosen business used target pricing approach to s et price more effectively than their competitors, because the target pricing gives long term view of the gross profit margin and able to cope with dynamic changes in the market, futhermore, the business can differentiate themselves from their competitors in the long term context (Ong, 1981). To achieve target pricing, the chosen business have 2 hours break to reduce wage cost and also using pre-cookedfood so that they can reduce cooking time and serve more customer at the same time. Conclusion On the premises of the above analysis, it can be concluded that, business firms make a ot of struggles to survive in the marketplce. Small business organizations develop effective strategies to enhane the productivity and profitability of businesses. Along with this, it is observed that, small businesses use differnent stratgies to set prices to their products or services. They collect informantion relted to the competitors price strtaegies. They make use of the Internet and social media sites incuding Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkdeIn, etc. to know the views and opinions of the custmers. Moreover, it is also exmined that, business firms conduct SWOT (Strengthes, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis to perform a competitor analysis in an effectual and an appropriate manner. SWOT analysis provide all the strengthes and weaknesses of the competiotrs; and also shows the opportunities and threats exist in the marketplace. Apart from this, it is viewed that, to undertake cust omer profitability analysis, business firms make direct interaction with customers. They offers uniue products/services to the customers at lower prices and also take care about the tastes and preferences of their customers. On the whole, it can be said that, small businesses do thieir best to retain existing customers and to attract new customers for the growth of their businesses. Reference Jacobi, G 1992, Financial Tools for Competitive Analysis, Competitive intelligence Review, vol.3, no. 2, pp. 14-18. McCartan-Quinn, D. Carson, D. 2003, "Issues Which Impact upon Marketing in the Small Firm", Small Business Economics, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 201-213. Ong, N. 1981, "Target Pricing, Competition, and Growth", Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 101-116. 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